LTspice .MEAS Statement Reference
This document contains .MEAS statement examples for various simulation types.
.MEAS results appear in the SPICE Output Log (View → SPICE Output Log, or CTRL+L)
Table of Contents
- How .MEAS Statements Are Executed
- .MEAS with AC Analysis - Key Functions
- AC Analysis .MEAS Examples
- .MEAS with Noise Analysis - Key Functions
- Noise Analysis .MEAS Examples
How .MEAS Statements Are Executed
.MEAS statements are evaluated in post processing, after the simulation has
completed — they operate on the saved waveform dataset, not on the running simulation.
Running a .MEAS Script Without Re-Simulating
Because measurements are pure post processing, you can write .MEAS
statements and execute them against an existing dataset:
- Make the waveform window the active window
- Execute menu command File > Execute .MEAS Script
This re-measures the waveform data already on disk, so there is no need to re-run the simulation to add or change a measurement. Useful for long transient runs, and for iterating on measurement expressions against a fixed dataset.
The script can be an ordinary netlist. LTspice ignores everything in the file except
the .MEAS statements — component lines, other dot commands, and the title line are all
skipped. So you can point Execute .MEAS Script straight at the circuit’s own .net
or .cir file: edit or add .MEAS lines there, execute the script, and read the new
results without touching the simulation.
The usual alternative is to place .MEAS statements on the schematic as a SPICE
directive (or in the netlist alongside the other simulation commands), in which case
they run automatically at the end of each simulation.
.MEAS with AC Analysis - Key Functions
Measurement Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
V(node) |
Complex voltage (magnitude and phase) |
I(component) |
Complex current through component (magnitude and phase) |
mag(V(node)) |
Voltage magnitude |
mag(I(component)) |
Current magnitude |
ph(V(node)) |
Voltage phase in degrees |
ph(I(component)) |
Current phase in degrees |
re(V(node)) |
Real part of complex voltage |
re(I(component)) |
Real part of complex current |
im(V(node)) |
Imaginary part of complex voltage |
im(I(component)) |
Imaginary part of complex current |
Measurement Operations
| Operation | Description |
|---|---|
FIND ... AT freq |
Find value at specific frequency |
WHEN condition |
Find frequency when condition is met |
MAX |
Find maximum value |
PARAM {expr} |
Calculate parameter from measured values |
CROSS=1 |
First crossing of condition |
CROSS=2 |
Second crossing of condition |
CROSS=LAST |
Last crossing of condition |
Best Practices:
- Use
.options meascplxfmt=polarto display results in linear magnitude and phase (default is dB and phase) - Use
.options meascplxfmt=cartesianto display results in real and imaginary format - Use relative measurements (e.g.,
Vout_max/sqrt(2)) instead of absolute thresholds for robustness - Functions
mag(),ph(),re(), andim()extract specific components of complex AC voltages and currents
AC Analysis .MEAS Examples
- Measure Amplitude at a Specific Frequency
- Find the Amplitude at a Specific Frequency (Linear Format)
- Measure Amplitude at Specific Frequency (Cartesian Format)
- Find DC Gain (Gain at Lowest Frequency)
- Find -3dB Cutoff Frequency
- Measure Phase at Specific Frequency
- Measure Phase at Specific Frequency - Default Reporting in dB
- Find Frequency Where Phase = -45°
- Calculate Slope
- Measure Bandwidth (Between Two Frequencies)
- Find Maximum Output
- Quality Factor (for Bandpass Filters)
Important Note: Amplitude results from .MEAS statements in AC simulations are always reported as complex numbers (magnitude and phase), even when measuring only the magnitude, phase, real, or imaginary portions of a data point. The display format can be controlled with .options meascplxfmt=polar (linear magnitude, phase in degrees) or the default dB format (dB magnitude, phase in degrees).
Measure Amplitude at a Specific Frequency
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Measure Amplitude at Specific Frequencies
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas AC voltage_amplitude_1kHz FIND V(out) AT 1kHz
.meas AC voltage_amplitude_10kHz FIND V(out) AT 10kHz
.meas AC current_amplitude_1kHz FIND I(C1) AT 1kHz
.meas AC current_amplitude_10kHz FIND I(C1) AT 10kHz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
voltage_amplitude_1khz: V(out) =(-3.00607194349dB,-44.9720966632°) at 1000
voltage_amplitude_10khz: V(out) =(-20.0348374361dB,-84.28387881°) at 10000
current_amplitude_1khz: I(C1) =(-63.0145320899dB,45.0279033368°) at 1000
current_amplitude_10khz: I(C1) =(-60.0432975825dB,5.71612119002°) at 10000
Notes:
- Default format displays results in dB and phase
- The
FIND ... ATsyntax measures the value at exactly the specified frequency -
Both voltage and current measurements can be performed using
V(node)andI(component)syntax
Find the Amplitude at a Specific Frequency (Linear Format)
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Find Amplitude at Specific Frequency (Linear)
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.options meascplxfmt=polar
.meas AC amplitude_1kHz FIND V(out) AT 1kHz
.meas AC amplitude_10kHz FIND V(out) AT 10kHz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
amplitude_1khz: V(out) =(0.707451061927,-44.9720966632°) at 1000
amplitude_10khz: V(out) =(0.0995997224501,-84.28387881°) at 10000
Notes:
.options meascplxfmt=polardisplays measurements in linear magnitude and phase format- Default format (without this option) displays measurements in dB and phase
- The
FIND ... ATsyntax measures the value at exactly the specified frequency
Measure Amplitude at Specific Frequency (Cartesian Format)
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Measure Amplitude at Specific Frequencies (Cartesian)
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.options meascplxfmt=cartesian
.meas AC amplitude_1kHz FIND V(out) AT 1kHz
.meas AC amplitude_10kHz FIND V(out) AT 10kHz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
amplitude_1khz: V(out) =(0.500487005022,-0.499999762826) at 1000
amplitude_10khz: V(out) =(0.00992010471214,-0.0991044713151) at 10000
Notes:
.options meascplxfmt=cartesiandisplays measurements in real + imaginary format
Find DC Gain (Gain at Lowest Frequency)
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Find DC Gain
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas AC DC_gain FIND mag(V(out)) AT 1Hz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
dc_gain: mag(V(out)) =(-4.33449074446e-06dB,0°) at 1
Find -3dB Cutoff Frequency
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Find Cutoff Frequency
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
* Basic method using magnitude
.meas AC cutoff_freq WHEN mag(V(out)) = 1/sqrt(2)
* Basic method using phase
.meas AC cutoff_freq2 WHEN ph(V(out)) = -45
* Basic method using real
.meas AC cutoff_freq3 WHEN re(V(out)) = .5
* Basic method using imaginary
.meas AC cutoff_freq4 WHEN im(V(out)) = -.499999
* Robust method (relative to DC gain)
.meas AC dc_gain FIND mag(V(out)) AT 1
.meas AC cutoff_freq5 WHEN mag(V(out)) = dc_gain/sqrt(2)
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
cutoff_freq: mag(V(out)) =1/sqrt(2) AT 1000.97471156
cutoff_freq2: ph(V(out)) =-45 AT 1000.99644414
cutoff_freq3: re(V(out)) =.5 AT 1000.98546328
cutoff_freq4: im(V(out)) =-.499999 AT 1000.14647293
dc_gain: mag(V(out)) =(-4.33449074446e-06dB,0°) at 1
cutoff_freq5: mag(V(out)) =dc_gain/sqrt(2) AT 1000.97571081
Notes:
- Use
mag(V(out))instead ofV(out)for AC magnitude measurements -3dBpoint corresponds to1/sqrt(2)or0.707of the DC gain- The robust method first measures DC gain, then finds cutoff relative to it
Measure Phase at Specific Frequency
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Measure Phase
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.options meascplxfmt=polar
.meas AC phase_1kHz FIND ph(V(out)) AT 1kHz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
phase_1khz: ph(V(out)) =(44.9720966632,180°) at 1000
Notes:
- Phase is reported in linear polar form when using
.options meascplxfmt=polar (44.97, 180°)equates to -44.97° (magnitude at 180° = negative value)
Measure Phase at Specific Frequency - Default Reporting in dB
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Measure Phase (dB format)
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas AC phase_1kHz FIND ph(V(out)) AT 1kHz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
phase_1khz: ph(V(out)) =(33.0588627093dB,180°) at 1000
Notes:
- Without
.options meascplxfmt=polar, phase is reported in dB format - The result shows the phase in terms of dB (which is likely not useful)
Find Frequency Where Phase = -45°
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Find Frequency at -45 Degrees Phase
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas AC f_45deg WHEN ph(V(out))=-45
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
f_45deg: ph(V(out))=-45 AT 1000.99644414
Calculate Slope
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Calculate Rolloff Rate
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.ac dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas AC gain_10kHz FIND mag(V(out)) AT 10kHz
.meas AC gain_100kHz FIND mag(V(out)) AT 100kHz
.meas AC rolloff PARAM {gain_100kHz/gain_10kHz}
* Should be close to -20dB/decade for first-order filter
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
gain_10khz: mag(V(out)) =(-20.0348374361dB,0°) at 10000
gain_100khz: mag(V(out)) =(-39.9919749731dB,0°) at 100000
rolloff: {gain_100kHz/gain_10kHz}=(-19.957137537dB,0°)
Measure Bandwidth (Between Two Frequencies)
Complete netlist:
* RLC Bandpass Filter - Measure Bandwidth
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 out 0 100
L1 in n1 10m
C1 n1 out 253n
.ac dec 100 10 100k
.options meascplxfmt=polar
.meas AC f_lower WHEN mag(V(out))=1/sqrt(2) CROSS=1
.meas AC f_upper WHEN mag(V(out))=1/sqrt(2) CROSS=LAST
.meas AC bandwidth PARAM {f_upper-f_lower}
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
f_lower: mag(V(out))=1/sqrt(2) AT 2467.09854574
f_upper: mag(V(out))=1/sqrt(2) AT 4058.53869986
bandwidth: {f_upper-f_lower}=(1591.44015412,0°)
Find Maximum Output
Complete netlist:
* RLC Bandpass Filter - Find Peak Response
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 out 0 100
L1 in n1 10m
C1 n1 out 253n
.ac dec 100 10 100k
.meas AC Vout_max MAX mag(V(out))
.meas AC freq_at_max WHEN mag(V(out))=Vout_max
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
vout_max: MAX(mag(V(out)))=(-0.000111442946874dB,0°) FROM 10 TO 100000
freq_at_max: mag(V(out))=Vout_max AT 3162.27766017
Quality Factor (for Bandpass Filters)
Complete netlist:
* RLC Bandpass Filter - Calculate Q Factor
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 out 0 100
L1 in n1 10m
C1 n1 out 253n
.ac dec 100 10 100k
.options meascplxfmt=polar
.meas AC Vout_max MAX mag(V(out))
.meas AC f_center WHEN mag(V(out))=Vout_max
.meas AC f_3dB_low WHEN mag(V(out))=Vout_max/sqrt(2) CROSS=1
.meas AC f_3dB_high WHEN mag(V(out))=Vout_max/sqrt(2) CROSS=2
.meas AC bandwidth PARAM {f_3dB_high-f_3dB_low}
.meas AC Q_factor PARAM {f_center/bandwidth}
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
vout_max: MAX(mag(V(out)))=(0.999987169739,0°) FROM 10 TO 100000
f_center: mag(V(out))=Vout_max AT 3162.27766017
f_3db_low: mag(V(out))=Vout_max/sqrt(2) AT 2467.08295647
f_3db_high: mag(V(out))=Vout_max/sqrt(2) AT 4058.56400569
bandwidth: {f_3dB_high-f_3dB_low}=(1591.48104922,0°)
q_factor: {f_center/bandwidth}=(1.98700302571,0°)
.MEAS with Noise Analysis - Key Functions
Measurement Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
V(onoise) |
Total output-referred noise (V/√Hz) |
V(inoise) |
Total input-referred noise (V/√Hz) |
V(component) |
Noise contribution from specific component (V/√Hz) |
Measurement Operations
| Operation | Description |
|---|---|
FIND ... AT freq |
Find noise value at specific frequency |
INTEG ... FROM f1 TO f2 |
Integrate noise over frequency range to get RMS value (V_rms) |
MAX |
Find maximum noise value |
WHEN condition |
Find frequency when condition is met |
PARAM {expr} |
Calculate parameter from measured values |
Best Practices:
- Noise spectral density is in V/√Hz units
- Integrated noise (using
INTEG) returns V_rms - Use
V(component)to measure individual component noise contributions - For parametric sweeps with
.STEP, use.meas NOISE param_name PARAM {parameter}to record the stepped value
Noise Analysis .MEAS Examples
- Noise Density Comparison at Multiple Frequencies
- Component Noise Contribution
- Find Peak Noise Frequency
- Integrated Noise Over Bandwidth
- 1/f Corner Frequency
- Parametric Sweep of Resistor Value
- Inverting Op-Amp with Resistor Noise Contributions
Noise Density Comparison at Multiple Frequencies
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Noise at Multiple Frequencies
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 10k
C1 out 0 159nF
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas NOISE noise_1Hz FIND V(onoise) AT 1Hz
.meas NOISE noise_1kHz FIND V(onoise) AT 1kHz
.meas NOISE noise_10kHz FIND V(onoise) AT 10kHz
.meas NOISE ratio_1kHz_to_10kHz PARAM {noise_1kHz/noise_10kHz}
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
noise_1hz: V(onoise) =1.28741728389e-08 at 1
noise_1khz: V(onoise) =1.28232802155e-09 at 1000
noise_10khz: V(onoise) =1.28867166937e-10 at 10000
ratio_1khz_to_10khz: {noise_1kHz/noise_10kHz}=9.95077374649
Notes:
- Resistor thermal noise: V_n = √(4kTR) ≈ 12.87 nV/√Hz for R=10k at 300K
- H(f) = 1/(1 + j·2πfRC), where f_c = 1/(2πRC) ≈ 100 Hz
-
Output noise: V(onoise) = V_n × H(f) - At f « f_c: full noise passes; at f » f_c: -20 dB/decade rolloff
- Noise spectral density in V/√Hz units
Component Noise Contribution
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Component Noise Contributions
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in mid 1k
R2 mid out 9k
C1 out 0 159nF
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas NOISE R1_noise FIND V(R1) AT 1Hz
.meas NOISE R2_noise FIND V(R2) AT 1Hz
.meas NOISE total_noise FIND V(onoise) AT 1Hz
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
r1_noise: V(R1) =4.07117095591e-09 at 1
r2_noise: V(R2) =1.22135128677e-08 at 1
total_noise: V(onoise) =1.28741728389e-08 at 1
Notes:
- Individual component noise contributions can be measured separately
- Thermal noise scales as √R: R2 (9k) generates 3× more noise than R1 (1k) since √9 = 3
- Uncorrelated noise sources add via root sum squared: √(V_R1² + V_R2²) = √(4kT·(R1+R2)) = 10k equivalent
- Total noise (12.87 nV/√Hz) matches a single 10k resistor, confirming √((4.07)² + (12.2)²) ≈ 12.87 nV/√Hz
Find Peak Noise Frequency
Complete netlist:
* RLC Bandpass Filter - Peak Noise Frequency
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 100
L1 out 0 10m
C1 out 0 253n
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 10 100k
.meas NOISE max_output_noise MAX V(onoise)
.meas NOISE freq_at_peak WHEN V(onoise)=max_output_noise
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
max_output_noise: MAX(V(onoise))=1.28747801309e-09 FROM 10 TO 100000
freq_at_peak: V(onoise)=max_output_noise AT 3162.27766017
Notes:
- Parallel LC circuit creates resonance at center frequency
- Noise peaks at resonant frequency where impedance is maximum
- Peak noise equals R1 thermal noise: √(4kTR) = √(4 × 1.38×10⁻²³ × 300 × 100) ≈ 1.287 nV/√Hz
- Center frequency: f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(10m × 253n)) ≈ 3162 Hz
Integrated Noise Over Bandwidth
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Integrated Noise Over Bandwidth
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out 1k
C1 out 0 159nF
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 10 100k
.meas NOISE integrated_noise INTEG V(onoise) FROM 10 TO 100k
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
integrated_noise: INTEG(V(onoise) )=1.60413860951e-07 FROM 10 TO 100000
Notes:
- INTEG calculates total RMS noise over specified bandwidth
- Result is in V_rms, not V/√Hz
- RC filter limits the noise bandwidth, reducing total integrated noise
1/f Corner Frequency
Complete netlist:
* MOSFET Amplifier - 1/f Corner Frequency
V1 in 0 AC 1
Vin gate 0 DC 2
M1 out gate 0 0 NMOS W=10u L=1u
Rd vdd out 10k
Vdd vdd 0 DC 5
.model NMOS NMOS (KP=200u VTO=0.7 LAMBDA=0.01 KF=1e-25 AF=1)
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 1 100Meg
.meas NOISE noise_at_1Hz FIND V(onoise) AT 1Hz
.meas NOISE white_noise_floor FIND V(onoise) AT 100Meg
.meas NOISE corner_freq PARAM square({noise_at_1Hz/white_noise_floor})
.meas NOISE corner_freq2 WHEN V(onoise)={white_noise_floor*sqrt(2)} CROSS=1
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
noise_at_1hz: V(onoise) =9.31752538236e-07 at 1
white_noise_floor: V(onoise) =1.0712658538e-09 at 100000000
corner_freq: square({noise_at_1Hz/white_noise_floor})=756496.015133
corner_freq2: V(onoise)={white_noise_floor*sqrt(2)} AT 750901.087711
Notes:
- 1/f noise dominates at low frequencies in MOSFETs
- KF and AF model parameters define flicker noise
- Method 1 (PARAM): Uses 1/f decay at -10 dB/decade (voltage). Since V(onoise) ∝ 1/√f, then f_c = (V_1Hz/V_floor)²
- Method 2 (RSS): Finds frequency where total noise = √2 × white noise floor. At corner frequency, 1/f noise equals white noise, so RSS = √(V_white² + V_white²) = √2 × V_white
- Both methods give corner frequency ≈ 750 kHz where 1/f noise equals the white noise floor
Parametric Sweep of Resistor Value
Complete netlist:
* RC Low-Pass Filter - Parametric Sweep of R1
V1 in 0 AC 1
R1 in out {Rval}
C1 out 0 159nF
.step param Rval list 1k 5k 10k
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 1 100k
.meas NOISE r_value PARAM Rval
.meas NOISE noise_1Hz FIND V(onoise) AT 1Hz
.meas NOISE integrated_noise INTEG V(onoise)
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
Measurement: r_value
step Rval
1 1000
2 5000
3 10000
Measurement: noise_1hz
step V(onoise) at
1 4.07137212832e-09 1
2 9.1037559713e-09 1
3 1.28741728389e-08 1
Measurement: integrated_noise
step INTEG(V(onoise)) FROM TO
1 1.60878171491e-07 1 100000
2 1.61084970228e-07 1 100000
3 1.6087915769e-07 1 100000
Notes:
- .STEP directive creates multiple simulation runs
- PARAM measurement records the swept parameter value
- Thermal noise density for 1k resistor: √(4kTR) = √(4 × 1.38×10⁻²³ × 300 × 1000) ≈ 4.07 nV/√Hz
- Noise at 1Hz scales as √R: doubling from 1k→5k→10k increases noise by √5 and √10
- Cutoff frequency f_c = 1/(2πRC) changes with R1: higher R → lower f_c → more filtering
- kT/C noise: √(kT/C) = √(1.38×10⁻²³ × 300 / 159×10⁻⁹) ≈ 161 nV_rms
- Integrated noise equals kT/C noise (~161 nV_rms) regardless of R value - R cancels in the integration
- kT/C derivation: Integrating thermal noise V_n = √(4kTR) through RC filter with f_c = 1/(2πRC) gives V_rms² = ∫₀^∞ 4kTR/(1+(f/f_c)²) df = 4kTR × (π/2)/(2πRC) = kT/C, therefore V_rms = √(kT/C)
Inverting Op-Amp with Resistor Noise Contributions
Complete netlist:
* Inverting Op-Amp - Noise Contributions
V1 NONINV 0 SINE(0 1 10K)
R1 INV 0 10K
R2 OUT INV 10K
Vdd vdd 0 DC 15
Vss vss 0 DC -15
XU1 NONINV INV vdd vss OUT level2 Avol=1Meg GBW=10Meg Slew=10Meg Ilimit=25m Rail=0 Vos=0 En=7.3n Enk=100 In=0 Ink=0 Rin=500Meg
.lib UniversalOpAmp2.lib
.noise V(out) V1 dec 100 1 1Meg
.meas NOISE total_noise_density FIND V(onoise) AT 1Meg
.meas NOISE R1_noise_density FIND V(R1) AT 1Meg
.meas NOISE R2_noise_density FIND V(R2) AT 1Meg
.meas NOISE low_freq_noise_density FIND V(onoise) AT 1
.end
Expected output (SPICE Output Log):
total_noise_density: V(onoise) =2.28844356798e-08 at 1000000
r1_noise_density: V(R1) =1.2624076895e-08 at 1000000
r2_noise_density: V(R2) =1.2624076895e-08 at 1000000
low_freq_noise_density: V(onoise) =1.47854748889e-07 at 1
Notes:
- Unity-gain inverting amplifier (R2/R1 = 10k/10k = 1)
- Op-amp configured with explicit parameters: En=7.3n (voltage noise), Enk=100 (1/f noise corner)
- Noise gain: For inverting amplifier, noise gain = 1 + R2/R1 = 1 + 1 = 2 (different from signal gain of -1)
- At 1 MHz (white noise):
- Each 10k resistor: √(4kTR) = √(4 × 1.38×10⁻²³ × 300 × 10k) ≈ 12.87 nV/√Hz → 12.62 nV/√Hz at output
- Op-amp noise at output: En × (noise gain) = 7.3 × 2 = 14.6 nV/√Hz
- Total noise (RSS): √(12.62² + 12.62² + 14.6²) ≈ 22.9 nV/√Hz ✓
- At 1 Hz: 1/f noise dominates with corner at Enk = 100 Hz, increasing total noise to ~148 nV/√Hz
- All noise sources are referred to output
See also: SIMULATION-COMMANDS-REFERENCE.md for .MEASURE syntax and the full range of measurement keywords, MEASURE-DATABASE-REFERENCE.md for querying .STEP‘ed results from the SQLite .db file
Documentation source: github.com/analogdevicesinc/ltspice-reference