ADF4382 no-OS driver#

Supported Devices#

ADF4382

Overview#

The ADF4382 is a high performance, ultralow jitter, Frac-N PLL with integrated VCO ideally suited for LO generation for 5G applications or data converter clock applications. The high performance PLL has a figure of merit of -238 dBc/Hz, low 1/f Noise and high PFD frequency of 625MHz in integer mode that can achieve ultra-low in-band noise and integrated jitter. The ADF4382 can generate frequencies from 687.5 MHz to 22 GHz without an external doubler, thereby eliminating the need for sub-harmonic filters.

For multiple data converter clock applications, the ADF4382 automatically aligns its output to the input reference edge by including the output divider in the PLL feedback loop. For applications that require deterministic delay or delay adjustment capability, a programmable reference to output delay with <1ps resolution is provided. The reference to output delay matching across multiple devices and over temperature, allows for predictable and precise multi-chip clock and SYSREF alignment.

Applications#

  • High Performance Data Converter Clocking

  • Wireless infrastructure (MC-GSM, 5G, 6G)

  • Test and Measurement

ADF4382 Device Configuration#

Driver Initialization#

In order to be able to use the device, you will have to provide the support for the communication protocol (SPI).

The first API to be called is adf4382_init. Make sure that it returns 0, which means that the driver was initialized correctly. This function will also reset the ADF4382 by performing a soft reset, putting the device in a known state.

Reference Clock Configuration#

By default, the device is set to use a 125MHz clock. This can be changed to any value, which is supported by the device, by using the function adf4382_set_ref_clk. The current configuration can be read out using adf4382_get_ref_clk.The input reference clock value for the function will have to be expressed in KHz.

Reference Doubler Configuration#

The ADF4382 uses has a reference doubler on the input path for the reference frequency. By default it is enabled and can be disabled using adf4382_set_en_ref_doubler. The current configuration can be read out using adf4382_get_en_ref_doubler.

This feature can only be enable or disabled.

Together with the reference divider this feature will determine the PFD requency.

Reference Divider Configuration#

On the reference input path there is a divider, allowing the input reference frequency to be divided by up to 64. Default this is set to 1 and can be changed using adf4382_set_ref_div. The current configuration can be read out using adf4382_get_ref_div.

Together with the reference doubler this feature will determine the PFD frequency.

Charge Pump Current Configuration#

The ADF4382 has the option for 16 preset charge pump currents, ranging from 0.7 mA to 11.1 mA. by default the charge pump current is set to 11.1 mA. The supported currents can be configured using adf4382_set_cp_i API, which will expect the register value, ranging form 0 to 15, as inputs. The current configuration can be read out using adf4382_set_cp_i, which will also return the value in the same range.

In order to determine which value corresponds to your design charge pump current, please refer to the datasheet ADF4382 in the register details section for register REG001F.

Bleed Current Configuration#

The charge pump current can be optimized using the bleed current feature, set by default to 4903. This can be configured using the adf4382_set_bleed_word API, by providing the bleed word as a parameter on 13 bits. The current configuration can be read out using adf4382_get_bleed_word.

The bleed word is composed of the coarse bleed current, which is the upper 4 bits of the bleed word, and the fine bleed current representing the lower 9 bits of the bleed word.

Output Frequency Configuration#

The ADF4382 has two channels which can be configured to output the a frequency in the range of 687.5 MHz to 22 GHZ. By default the output frequency is set to 2.8 GHz and can be reconfigured by using the adf4382_set_rfout API. The output frequency set by the API is expressed in KHz. The previously configured output frequency can be read out using adf4382_get_rfout.

This attribute will set the frequency for both channels as they are not independently configurable.

Output Power Configuration#

Even though the ADF4382 does not permit independent frequencies on each channel, the output power on each channel can be configured using adf4382_set_out_power API by providing the channel and the desired power output.The current configuration of each channel can be read out using adf4382_get_out_power.

Power of each channel is between 0 to 15 with 0 and by default they are both set to 9.

Output Enable Configuration#

Each channel can be activated individually using adf4382_set_en_chan API. The API expects the channel number and a boolean value for enable or disable. To determine if a channel is currently set the adf4382_get_en_chan API can be used.

By default only channel 1 is enabled.

Phase Adjustment Configuration#

The phase of the generated output frequency can be adjusted using adf4382_set_phase_adjust. This will skew the phase of the requested frequency by the desired amount in pico-seconds. The API will automatically transform the input value from a time adjustment to a phase adjustment relative to the set output frequency. If the phase exceeds 360 degrees, it will apply only the overshoot.

By default there is no phase adjustment set.

When applying the phase adjust, this can add or subtract the desired amount of the phase using adf4382_set_phase_pol. It expects a boolean value, 0 for positive polarity and 1 for negative polarity.

To determine the current phase adjustment and polarity, adf4382_get_phase_adjust and adf4382_get_phase_pol should be used.

By default the polarity is positive.

Synchronization Enable Configuration#

The ADF4382 has a synchronization feature wherein Both RF Output signals are synchronized to an input signal at this pin. It is used for multi-chip phase synchronization. This can be enabled or disabled using the adf4382_set_en_sync API.

By default it is disabled.

ADF4382 Frequency Generation#

Frequency Setting#

As mentioned above, using the default values the generated frequency will be of 2.8 GHz. This frequency depends on all of the previous configurations and is recalculated based on them using the adf4382_set_freq API. When the API is called, it will calculate the VCO, the output divider, the integer and fractional parts of feedback loop for the PLL while trying to obtain the configured output frequency. The API will also write the corresponding registers with the computed values.

Because of the link between the calculated values and the configurations, when an attribute is reconfigured using the corresponding API it will not have any effect until the adf4382_set_freq API is called.

ADF4382 Driver Initialization Example#

SPI Communication Example#

struct adf4382_dev *dev;
int ret;

struct no_os_uart_init_param adf4382_uart_ip = {
        .device_id = UART_DEVICE_ID,
        .irq_id = UART_IRQ_ID,
        .asynchronous_rx = true,
        .baud_rate = UART_BAUDRATE,
        .size = NO_OS_UART_CS_8,
        .parity = NO_OS_UART_PAR_NO,
        .stop = NO_OS_UART_STOP_1_BIT,
        .extra = UART_EXTRA,
        .platform_ops = UART_OPS,
};

struct no_os_spi_init_param adf4382_spi_ip = {
        .device_id = SPI_DEVICE_ID,
        .max_speed_hz = 1000000,
        .bit_order = NO_OS_SPI_BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST,
        .mode = NO_OS_SPI_MODE_0,
        .platform_ops = SPI_OPS,
        .chip_select = SPI_CS,
        .extra = SPI_EXTRA,
};

struct adf4382_init_param adf4382_ip = {
        .spi_init = &adf4382_spi_ip,
        .spi_3wire_en = false,
        .cmos_3v3 = false,
        .ref_freq_hz = 125000000,
        .freq = 2800000000,
        .ref_doubler_en = 1,
        .ref_div = 1,
        .cp_i = 15,
        .bleed_word = 4903,
        .ld_count = 10,
        .adf4382a = true,
};

ret = adf4382_init(&dev, &adf4382_ip);
if (ret)
        goto error;

ret = adf4382_set_freq(dev, 20000000000);
if (ret)
        goto error;

ret = adf4382_set_phase_adjust(dev, 10);
if (ret)
        goto error;

ADF4382 no-OS IIO support#

The ADF4382 IIO driver comes on top of ADF4382 driver and offers support for interfacing IIO clients through IIO lib.

ADF4382 IIO Device Configuration#

Device Attributes#

While the ADF4382 has two channels these cannot output independent frequencies, therefor most of the attributes will be device attributes.

The attributes are:

  • bleed_current - is the adjustment value for the set charge pump current.

  • charge_pump_current - is the current set in your design.

  • charge_pump_current_available - lists the available and predefined charge

    pump currents of the ADF4382.

  • reference_divider - is the current value of the input divider.

  • reference_doubler_en - enables the input doubler.

  • reference_frequency - is the current set input frequency.

  • sync_en - enables the synchronization feature to an external signal.

Device Channels#

ADXL355 IIO device has 2 output channels which can have independent output powers.

The channels are:

  • output altvoltage0 - corresponding to channel 1 on the device

  • output altvoltage1 - corresponding to channel 2 on the device

Each channel has 2 individual attributes:

  • en - enables the channel.

  • output_power - determines the output power of the channel between 0 and 15.

Each channel has 2 common attributes:

  • frequency - is the desired output frequency which the driver will try

    to obtain given the configuration.

  • phase - is the current phase adjustment of the frequency. The phase can be

    subtracted by placing the “-” in fornt of the introduced phase value.

ADF4382 IIO Driver Initialization Example#

struct adf4382_iio_dev *adf4382_iio_dev;
struct adf4382_iio_dev_init_param adf4382_iio_ip;
struct iio_app_desc *app;
struct iio_app_init_param app_init_param = { 0 };
int ret;

struct no_os_uart_init_param adf4382_uart_ip = {
        .device_id = UART_DEVICE_ID,
        .irq_id = UART_IRQ_ID,
        .asynchronous_rx = true,
        .baud_rate = UART_BAUDRATE,
        .size = NO_OS_UART_CS_8,
        .parity = NO_OS_UART_PAR_NO,
        .stop = NO_OS_UART_STOP_1_BIT,
        .extra = UART_EXTRA,
        .platform_ops = UART_OPS,
};

struct no_os_spi_init_param adf4382_spi_ip = {
        .device_id = SPI_DEVICE_ID,
        .max_speed_hz = 1000000,
        .bit_order = NO_OS_SPI_BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST,
        .mode = NO_OS_SPI_MODE_0,
        .platform_ops = SPI_OPS,
        .chip_select = SPI_CS,
        .extra = SPI_EXTRA,
};

struct adf4382_init_param adf4382_ip = {
        .spi_init = &adf4382_spi_ip,
        .spi_3wire_en = false,
        .cmos_3v3 = false,
        .ref_freq_hz = 125000000,
        .freq = 2800000000,
        .ref_doubler_en = 1,
        .ref_div = 1,
        .cp_i = 15,
        .bleed_word = 4903,
        .ld_count = 10,
        .adf4382a = true,
};

adf4382_iio_ip.adf4382_dev_init = &adf4382_ip;
ret = adf4382_iio_init(&adf4382_iio_dev, &adf4382_iio_ip);
if (ret)
        return ret;

struct iio_app_device iio_devices[] = {
        {
                .name = "adf4382",
                .dev = adf4382_iio_dev,
                .dev_descriptor = adf4382_iio_dev->iio_dev,
        }
};

app_init_param.devices = iio_devices;
app_init_param.nb_devices = NO_OS_ARRAY_SIZE(iio_devices);
app_init_param.uart_init_params = adf4382_uart_ip;

ret = iio_app_init(&app, app_init_param);
if (ret)
        return ret;

return iio_app_run(app);